Madera County Water & Natural Resources

Attached for your information is a copy of the San Joaquin River Exchange Contractors Water Authority’s October 6, 2023 Board meeting Agenda, along with a copy of the approved August 4, 2023 Board meeting minutes. Should you have questions or concerns regarding this information, please contact (209) 827-8616. SJRECWA 10-6-23 BOARD MTG AGENDA APPROVED SJRECWA […]

The Root Creek Water District will hold a public hearing on Monday, October 9, 2023 to consider 2024 District Rates, Fees and Assessments.  The hearing will commence at 11:00 a.m. at the Lodge at Riverstone, 370 Lodge Road, Madera, CA 93636. 2024 Proposed Rates Fees and Assessments FINAL10.09.23

Please find attached a packet for the October 9, 2023 Root Creek Water District Board of Directors Meeting and a cancellation notice for the regularly scheduled Groundwater Sustainability Agency meeting to be held at the Lodge at Riverstone, 370 Lodge Road in Madera Ca, at 11:00a.m..  The October 9, 2023 public hearing has been cancelled […]

Please review the agenda for more information. 100923 CC Meeting Agenda-Amend

Attached is the agenda for the Madera/Chowchilla RCD October Board Meeting as well as the minutes from the Board Meeting held in September. This meeting will be held in-person at the FSA conference room located at 425 N Gateway Dr, Ste. K, Madera, CA on Wednesday, October 11th from 5PM-6PM. If there are any questions […]

This meeting is open to the public. Members of the public may participate by conference call. Please review the agenda for more details. SJRECWA SPECIAL BOARD MEETING AGENDA 10-23-23

This meeting is open to the public and will be held online. Please review the attached material and information below for more details. https://us06web.zoom.us/j/82168339848?pwd=KeOnp8RJ86DrteFZPE3ojaEt9B8Qe9.1 Webinar ID: 821 6833 9848 Passcode: 836129 MaderaRWMG_Agenda_October2023 MaderaRWMG_Minutes_September2023 MaderaRWMG_FinancialStatement_October2023 MaderaRWMG_MemberPacket_October2023  

The Aliso Water District & Aliso Water District Groundwater Sustainability Agency will be holding a Regular and GSA meeting on Tuesday October 24th at 1:30pm.  The meeting will be in person at 13991 Avenue 7, Madera County, CA.   The meeting notice and agenda are attached for your convenience and may also be obtained by […]

Members of the public may participate in-person or via Zoom. Join Zoom Meeting https://us02web.zoom.us/j/89391211278?pwd=M01hdmVBcTV1ejFUcno3R3ZtcnBiZz09 Meeting ID: 893 9121 1278 Passcode: 698062 One tap mobile +16694449171,,89391211278#,,,,*698062# US +16699009128,,89391211278#,,,,*698062# US (San Jose)   23 10 24 Special Board Meeting Packet     Dial by your location +1 669 444 9171 US +1 669 900 9128 US (San […]

Registration is now open for the Water Education Foundation’s Water Summit 2023. The annual summit will be held in Sacramento on Wednesday, October 25th. This year’s theme is, “Taking on the Improbable in Western Water”. The presentations will address changes in Western water management that were considered unlikely a decade ago. Click here to register!

Yosemite Sequoia RC & DC will be holding its annual meeting on Thursday, October 26th, at the Museum of the Sierra (42642 Tollhouse Rd, Shaver Lake, CA 93664). The meeting will start at 10 am, and a light breakfast and lunch will be served. During the meeting, participants will learn about what Yosemite Sequoia RC […]

This meeting will be held online. Please review the agenda for more details. 2023-11-3 Planning Group Meeting Agenda

This meeting is open to the public and will be held in person. Please review the agenda for more details. SJRECWA Finance Committee Meeting Agenda - 11-6-23 SJRECWA APPROVED FINANCE MINUTES 8-25-23

This meeting is open to the public. It will be held in person at the Board Chambers and streaming live on the Madera County Board website. Please review the agenda for more information on the items that will be presented by the Water and Natural Resources department. BOS Agenda 11/7/23

This meeting will take place using teleconferencing. Please review the agenda for more details. SJRECWA Special Board Mtg Agenda 11-7-23  

The Madera/Chowchilla RCD Board Meeting is cancelled this evening due to lack of quorum. November 2023 MCRCD Board Agenda October 2023 MCRCD Minutes

DWR is hosting a virtual Fall 2023 Groundwater Sustainability Agency Forum (GSA Forum) for GSA members and representatives on November 9th from 8:30 am to 12 pm. The GSA Forum series was established by DWR to help GSAs engage in conversation and exchange ideas related to SGMA implementation.   The theme for the Fall 2023 […]

All members of the public are asked to join by conference call. Please review the agenda for more details. SJREC GSA Agenda - 11-10-23 SJREC GSA APPROVED MINUTES 5-5-23

All members of the public are asked to attend the meeting by conference call. SJRECWA Agenda - 11-10-23 SJRECWA APPROVED MINUTES 9-1-23

Please find attached a Public Hearing notice for the Root Creek Water District. The Root Creek Water District Board of Directors will hold a Public Hearing on proposed rates, fees, and assessments on November 13, 2023, beginning at 11:00 a.m. at the Lodge at Riverstone located at 370 Lodge Road South, Madera, CA 93636. The […]

This meeting is open to the public and will be held in person. Please find attached: 1. November 13 2023 RCWD Agenda FINAL Market Basin Bids combined 11.10.23 9a. 2023.10 RCWD Operational Plan 9b. Engineer Staff report Nov 2023 November 13 2023 RCWD Packet P 1. November 13 2023 RCWDGSA Packet 1. November 13 2023 […]

This meeting is open to the public and will be held in person. The public who wishes to attend may also call in to listen to the meeting. Please review the agenda for more details and location. Nov 2023 Nov Meeting Notice Date & Location Agenda Oct 23 2023 2023-05 Res LAIF 2023-06 Resolution Change […]

Members of the public may join in person or telephonically. Nov 2023 Nov Meeting Notice DateLocation Agenda Nov 13 2023 Minutes Oct 2023 Draft

MLRP Madera Nov Workshop Flyer V2 (English) MLRP Madera Nov Workshop Flyer V2 (Spanish)

MLRP Madera Nov Workshop Flyer V2 (English) MLRP Madera Nov Workshop Flyer V2 (Spanish)

Members of the public who are interested in attending this meeting may join on Zoom. https://us02web.zoom.us/j/85274937312?pwd=TWNYbTU0eDBTWSt4S28rbGwxOWhKQT09 Meeting ID: 852 7493 7312 Passcode: 637645 One tap mobile +16694449171,,85274937312#,,,,*637645# US +16699009128,,85274937312#,,,,*637645# US (San Jose) Meeting ID: 852 7493 7312 Passcode: 637645 Find your local number: https://us02web.zoom.us/u/kENayTpw Water Year 2023 wrap up brochure 2023-11-17 Madera Drought Workgroup Presentation […]

Please note the Regular MID-GSA Board Meeting scheduled for tomorrow November 21, 2023 has been cancelled. 23 11 21 Notice of Cancellation

MLRP Madera Nov Workshop Flyer V2 (English) MLRP Madera Nov Workshop Flyer V2 (Spanish)

This meeting is open to the public. It will be held in person at the Board Chambers and streaming live on the Madera County Board website. Please review the agenda for more information on the items that will be presented by the Water and Natural Resources department. BOS Agenda 11/28/23

This meeting is open to the public and will be held in person. Please review the agenda for more details. SJRECWA FINANCE COMMITTEE MEETING AGENDA - 12-4-23 SJRECWA APPROVED FINANCE MINUTES 10-2-23  

This meeting is open to the public and will be held in person. Please review the agenda for more details. SJREC GSA FINANCE COMMITTEE MEETING AGENDA - 12-4-23 GSA APPROVED FINANCE MINUTES 8-25-23

This meeting is open to the public and will be held online. The member packet includes: December 2023 Meeting Agenda: Pages 1 – 4 October 2023 Meeting Minutes: Pages 5 – 9 November 2023 Financial Statement: Page 10 2024 Budget: Page 11 2024 Meeting Calendar: Page 12 MaderaRWMG_Agenda_December2023 MaderaRWMG_Budget_2024_Draft MaderaRWMG_Minutes_October2023 MaderaRWMG_MeetingCalendar_2024_Draft MaderaRWMG_FinancialStatement_November2023 MaderaRWMG_MemberPacket_December2023 https://us06web.zoom.us/j/88411195397?pwd=oD7tlybid9OJQwdiXuxCuk0yBR8JIX.1 Webinar […]

This meeting is open to the public and will be held in person. Please review the agenda for more details. SJREC GSA Finance Committee Meeting Agenda - 11-6-23 SJREC GSA APPROVED FINANCE MINUTES 5-1-23

The Madera/Chowchilla RCD Board Meeting will be held December 6th from 5-6PM. Attached is the agenda for the Madera/Chowchilla RCD December Board Meeting as well as the minutes from the Board Meeting held in October. This meeting will be held in-person at the Vineyard restaurant located at 605 S I St, Madera, CA 93637  If […]

All members of the public are asked to attend the meeting by conference call. Please review the agenda for more details. SJREC GSA 12-8-23 Agenda SJREC GSA APPROVED MINUTES 9-1-23

All members of the public are asked to attend the meeting by conference call. Please review the agenda for more details. SJRECWA 12-8-23 AGENDA SJRECWA APPROVED MINUTES 10-6-23

The Root Creek Water District with hold a Public Hearing on December 11, 2023 to consider the establishment of a fee schedule related to unmetered construction water use on residential lots. Please see the attached Public Hearing Notice. Unmetered Construction Water Fee Public Notice 12.11.2023- Memo

The District’s Board Meeting will be available for attendance whether you are on the Agenda or you simply wish to attend in person or telephonically. LOCATION: O’NEILL AGRI-MANAGEMENT 13991 Ave 7 Madera, CA 93637 Dec 2023 Meeting Notice DateTime Agenda Dec 11 2023 Minutes Nov 2023 Draft

This meeting is open to the public. It will be held in person at the Board Chambers and streaming live on the Madera County Board website. Please review the agenda for more information on the items that will be presented by the Water and Natural Resources department. BOS Agenda 12/12/2023

The Meeting will be in person. The meeting notice and agenda are attached for your convenience and may also be obtained by visiting the Aliso website at www.alisowdgsa.org. If you have any questions or concerns simply respond to this email address (info@alisowdgsa.org) or contact Joe Hopkins at (559) 449-2700. 2023.12.13 Notice Meeting Aliso Water District […]

Please click the link below to access the Board Packet for the MID-GSA meeting. 23 12 19 MID-GSA Board Packet.pdf Members of the public may participate in-person or via Zoom. Join Zoom Meeting https://us02web.zoom.us/j/84740271149?pwd=SWlwVXRiVnNWQ2JOb1pMTk5aMUxyQT09 Meeting ID: 847 4027 1149 Passcode: 131640   One tap mobile +16699009128,,84740271149#,,,,*131640# US (San Jose) +16694449171,,84740271149#,,,,*131640# US   Dial by your […]

This meeting is open to the public and will be held in person. Please review the agenda for more details. FINANCE COMMITTEE MEETING AGENDA - 1-2-24 FINANCE MINUTES 11-6-23

The regularly scheduled meetings of the Governing Boards of the Root Creek Water District (RCWD) and the RCWD Groundwater Sustainability Agency scheduled for Monday, January 8, 2024, commencing at 11:00 A.M. have been cancelled. RCWD Jan 2024 Cancellation Notice 12.18.23 The next regular meetings of the Governing Boards of the Root Creek Water District (RCWD) […]

The Meeting will be in person. The meeting notice and agenda are attached for your convenience and may also be obtained by visiting the Aliso website at www.alisowdgsa.org. If you have any questions or concerns simply respond to this email address (info@alisowdgsa.org) or contact Joe Hopkins at (559) 449-2700. 2024.01.09 Notice Special Meeting Aliso Water […]

This meeting will be held in-person at the FSA conference. If there are any questions about accessibility of the Board meeting, please call (626) 483-1345. December 2023 MCRCD Minutes January 2023 MCRCD Board Agenda

This meeting is open to the public and will be held in person and telephonically. Please review the agenda for more details. Meeting Notice Jan 2024 Agenda Jan 2024 Minutes Dec 2023 Draft

This meeting is open to the public. It will be held in person at the Board Chambers and streaming live on the Madera County Board website. Please review the agenda for more information on the items that will be presented by the Water and Natural Resources department. BOS 1/16/24 Agenda

Please be advised that this meeting has been cancelled.

Attached  is the agenda for the January meeting, as well as the minutes from the meeting held on December 4th. MaderaRWMG_Agenda_January2024 MaderaRWMG_MemberPacket_January2024 MaderaRWMG_FinancialStatement_January2024 MaderaRWMG_Minutes_December2023 Below you will find the Zoom Meeting information: https://us06web.zoom.us/j/85192884873?pwd=RbbdbAzhtItRykV2ru0rcbmpXKRsZP.1 Or join by phone: Dial (for higher quality, dial a number based on your current location): US: +1 669 900 6833 or +1 346 248 […]

This meeting will be held in person. Please review the agenda below for more information. 2024.01.23 Notice Meeting Aliso Water District 2024.01.23 Agenda Aliso Water District Regular Meeting 2024.01.23 Agenda Aliso Water District GSA-GSP Meeting

This meeting will be held in person. Please review the agenda for more information. SJRECWA JAN 29 2024 FINANCE COMMITTEE MEETING AGENDA SJRECWA APPROVED FINANCE MINUTES 12-4-23

All members are asked to attend the meeting by conference call. Please review the agenda for more details. SJRECWA FEB 2 2024 AGENDA SJRECWA APPROVED MINUTES 12-8-23  

This meeting is open to the public. It will be held in person at the Board Chambers and streaming live on the Madera County Board website. Please review the agenda for more information on the items that will be presented by the Water and Natural Resources department. BOS Agenda 2/6/24

This meeting will be held in person. Please review the agenda for more information. January 2024 MCRCD Minutes February 2024 MCRCD Board Agenda

Members of the public who wish to attend may do so by joining in person or telephonically. Meeting Notice Feb 2024 Agenda Feb 2024 Minutes Jan 2024 w Hydrographs Draft

This meeting will be held in person and all public members are welcome. Please review the agenda for more details. SJRECWA Finance Committee Meeting Agenda - 2-26-24 SJRECWA APPROVED FINANCE MINUTES 1-2-24

This meeting will be held in person and all public members are welcome. Please review the agenda for more details. SJRECWA Water Transfer Committee Meeting Agenda 2-26-24 SJRECWA APPROVED WATER TRANSFER MINUTES 3-2-23

This meeting will be held on Zoom. MaderaRWMG_Agenda_February2024 MaderaRWMG_Minutes_January2024 MaderaRWMG_FinancialStatement_February2024 MaderaRWMG_MemberPacket_February2024 Join Zoom Meeting https://us06web.zoom.us/j/87208797509?pwd=sODtBUs7pyEbubEfc6pY1TDDlM0WbG.1 Meeting ID: 872 0879 7509 Passcode: 695237

This meeting will be held in person or on Zoom. Please review the agenda for more details. 24 02 29 Special Board Meeting Agenda

This meeting will be held in person. Please review the agenda for more details. SJRECWA March 1 2024 Board Meeting Agenda SJRECWA APPROVED MINUTES 1-5-24

The meeting notice and agenda are attached for your convenience and may also be obtained by visiting the Aliso website at www.alisowdgsa.org. 2024.03.06 Notice Special GSA Meeting Aliso Water District 2024.03.06 Agenda Special Aliso Water District GSA Meeting

This event is open to the public. Please review the flyer for more information.

This meeting will be held on Zoom. For this meeting, staff from the Central California Public Health Consortium (CCPHC) will provide a presentation about the health impacts from the drought in the San Joaquin Valley communities. Please see the attached agenda for more reference. Agenda. Madera County Drought Workgroup. March 8

The DWR is hosting a week of webinars and virtual workshops to celebrate Groundwater Awareness Week 2024 March 11th – 15th. Workshops will focus on providing an interactive environment for GSAs to learn outreach and engagement techniques to assist with community engagement. The week will round out with two additional webinars covering reporting and planning […]

The Office of Water Programs (OWP) at Sacramento State is hosting an online seminar on March 15th from 12 pm – 1 pm. This seminar is free and open to the public, but registration is required to attend. Please click here to register. The topic for this year’s seminar is “Safe Drinking Water for Disadvantaged […]

This meeting will be held in person and telephonically. Please review the agenda for more details. Meeting Notice Mar 2024 Agenda Mar 2024 Minutes Feb 2024 Draft

This meeting is open to the public. It will be held in person at the Board Chambers and streaming live on the Madera County Board website. Please review the agenda for more information on the items that will be presented by the Water and Natural Resources department. 3/19/24 BOS AGENDA

Please note the MID Regular Board Meeting has been cancelled. 24 03 19 Notice of Cancellation

The Madera/Chowchilla RCD will be hosting a Multi-benefit Land Repurposing Program (MLRP) workshop on Wednesday, March 20th from 9AM-11:00AM at the Madera County Farm Bureau located at 1102 S Pine St. Madera, CA 93637. 2.0 CCA credits are pending. Topics covered in this workshop include: MLRP funding opportunities, project types funded under MLRP, RCD programs, wildlife projects on working […]

Please see the attached agenda for the MID Special Board Meeting. Members of the public may participate in-person or via Zoom. Join Zoom Meeting https://us02web.zoom.us/j/86095026662?pwd=V0tLMVNIeW1lOW42T0RRVE5MQSswQT09 Meeting ID: 860 9502 6662 Passcode: 673360 24 03 20 Special Board Meeting Agenda

When: Thursday, March 21, 2023 English Sessions Begin at 7:45 a.m. Spanish Sessions Begin at 8:45 a.m. Where: Madera County Farm Bureau 1102 S. Pine Street, Madera, CA 93637   Contact the MCFB Office for questions office@maderafb.com or 559.674.8871 English Training Registration Registro de entrenamiento en español

Please see the attached agenda for the MID Special Board Meeting. Members of the public may participate in-person or via Zoom. Join Zoom Meeting https://us02web.zoom.us/j/85636858993?pwd=RnExY3REcThEK29CNmdSbm1zbFJMdz09 Meeting ID: 856 3685 8993 Passcode: 108623 24 03 22 Special Board Meeting Agenda

This meeting is open to the public and the Zoom meeting details are below. https://us06web.zoom.us/j/81805172669?pwd=BzGuvD9tO40BHvhUCc2hwNGW8Chl5w.1 Webinar ID: 818 0517 2669 Passcode: 578929 The member packet includes: March 2024 Meeting Agenda: Pages 1 – 3 February 2024 Meeting Minutes: Pages 4 – 9 March 2024 Financial Statement: Page 10 MaderaRWMG_Agenda_March2024 MaderaRWMG_Minutes_February2024 MaderaRWMG_MemberPacket_March2024 MaderaRWMG_FinancialStatement_March2024

On March 26th and 27th, the Summit for Equity and Resilience in Water: Successes and Lessons Learned from the Integrate Regional Water Management Disadvantaged Community and Tribal Involvement Program will be held. This event is being offered both in-person and online. The in-person option will be held at the Los Angeles County Public Works Headquarters […]

The Madera/Chowchilla Resource Conservation District (RCD) invites you to attend our workshop event covering Irrigation and Nutrient Management on Tuesday, March 26th from 8:45AM – 11:00AM located at the Madera County Farm Bureau office at 1102 S Pine St, Madera, CA. We invite you to join us to learn more about how landowners can implement recharge on their land, efficiently […]

The Madera/Chowchilla RCD Board Meeting will be held in-person at the FSA conference room located at 425 N Gateway Dr, Ste. K, Madera, CA. If there are any questions about accessibility of the Board meeting, please call (626) 483-1345. Please review the agenda for more details. March 2024 MCRCD Board Agenda February 2024 MCRCD Minutes

This meeting will be held in person. Please review the agenda for more details. SJRECWA April 1 2024 Finance Committee Meeting Agenda SJECWA APPROVED FINANCE MINUTES 1-29-24

This meeting will be held in person. Please review the agenda for more details. SJREC GSA April 1 2024 Finance Committee Meeting Agenda SJREC GSA APPROVED FINANCE MINUTES 11-6-23

This meeting will be held in person. Please review the agenda for more details. SJRECWA April 3 2024 Water Transfer Committee Meeting Agenda SJRECWA APPROVED WATER TRANSFER MINUTES 5-4-23  

This meeting will be held in person and on Zoom. Please see the attached agenda for more information. 24 04 04 Special Board Meeting Packet

All members of the public are asked to attend the meeting by conference call. Please see the attached agenda for more information. SJREC GSA April 5 2024 Board Meeting Agenda SJREC GSA APPROVED MINUTES 11-10-23

Madera County is hosting a Free Dump Event for Madera County Residents only, on April 6th, from 7 am – 2:30 pm. The event will be held at the Fairmead Landfill, located at 21739 Road 19, Chowchilla, CA. One visit per household is allowed, and there is a limit of four of each of the […]

Please find attached cancellation of the Root Creek Water District GSA meeting, and a packet for the regular board of directors meeting on Monday, April 8, 2024, at 11:00 a.m. RCWDGSA Apr 2024 Cancellation Notice 04.08.24 RCWDBdMtg04.08.2024 P

The public hearing is to consider establishing a late fee schedule for the following District fees: connection fees, inspection fees and meter fees. Please review the attached notice for more details. RCWD Public Hearing April 8 2024

The Madera County Farm Bureau is hosting an AG Plastic Container Recycle Event on April 15th. The event will be held in the Madera County Farm Bureau parking lot (1102 S Pine St, Madera, CA 93637). Please see the attached flyer for more information. AgPlasticContainerRecycleEvent2024

This meeting is open to the public. It will be held in person at the Board Chambers and streaming live on the Madera County Board website. Please review the agenda for more information on the items that will be presented by the Water and Natural Resources department. 4/16/24 BOS AGENDA

Please click the link below to access the MID-GSA Board Packet for the meeting scheduled for Tuesday, April 16, 2024 at 1pm.  Regular Session begins at 2pm. 24 04 16 MID-GSA Board Packet.pdf Members of the public may participate in-person or via Zoom. Join Zoom Meeting https://us02web.zoom.us/j/81099484460?pwd=Z296NGZ4ODJlWWpURXdGc1lOOFNBUT09 Meeting ID: 810 9948 4460 Passcode: 326928 Dial […]

This meeting is open to the public and will be held in person. Please review the agenda for more details. Legislative Committee Meeting Agenda - 4-17-24

This meeting is open to the public and will be held on Zoom. Please review the agenda for more information. MaderaRWMG_Agenda_April2024 MaderaRWMG_Minutes_March2024  

Please be advised that this meeting has been cancelled. April 2024 MCRCD Board Agenda March 2024 MCRCD Minutes

This meeting is open to the public and will be held in person. Please review the agenda for more details. 2024.04.23 Notice Meeting Aliso Water District 2024.04.23 Agenda Aliso Water District Regular Meeting 2024.04.23 Agenda Aliso Water District GSA-GSP Meeting

This meeting will be held in person. Please review the agenda for more details. SJRECWA Finance Committee Meeting Agenda - 4-29-24 FINANCE MINUTES 2-26-24

Please see the attached agenda for the MID Special Board Meeting scheduled for Wednesday, May 1, 2024 at 11:00 a.m. at Madera Irrigation District. 24 05 01 Special Board Meeting Packet Members of the public may participate in-person or via Zoom. Join Zoom Meeting https://us02web.zoom.us/j/83827089545?pwd=THdXU0U2c2JTcjNoU1IrV3lHUmxyZz09 Meeting ID: 838 2708 9545 Passcode: 057565 One tap mobile […]

All members of the public are asked to attend the meeting by conference call. Please review the agenda for more details. SJRECWA Finance Committee Meeting Agenda - 4-29-24 FINANCE MINUTES 2-26-24

This meeting is open to the public. It will be held in person at the Board Chambers and streaming live on the Madera County Board website. Please review the agenda for more information on the items that will be presented by the Water and Natural Resources department. 5/7/24 BOS Agenda

This meeting will be held in-person at the FSA conference room. Please see the attached agenda for more details. May 2024 MCRCD Board Agenda March 2024 MCRCD Minutes

REGISTER NOW: Meeting Registration - Zoom https://stantec.zoom.us/meeting/register/tJ0ufuygrzMoHNWEhrPotLXWMVg-kpDVF4ZX

Please be advised that these meeting has been cancelled. RCWDGSA May 2024 Cancellation Notice 05.13.24 RCWD BdMtg 05.13.24 Public Hearing cancellation 5.13.2024JS

Please find attached a Notice of Public Hearing on May 13, 2024 to consider adopting a fee for violation of water use restrictions.  On April 8, 2024 the Root Creek Board of Directors took action to direct staff to develop a policy for the following restrictions on use of municipal water: No agriculture water is […]